The Anthropic Argument Against the Existence of God 18/11/09
A very brief introduction to a relatively new argument against the existence of God. The argument attempts to show that the mere existence of human beings shows that God does not exist.
Authored by: Mitchell LeBlanc.
Mark Walker, a philosophy professor from the New Mexico State University has a forthcoming paper in Sophia in which he outlines a new argument against the existence of God he names the ‘Anthropic Argument’. The goal of this very brief article is to just present his argument in a simplistic manner. I will not be dealing with any of the objections he defends against in his paper.
The argument is related to the classic Argument from Evil but may very well overtake it in terms of ‘interestingness’.
The Idea
The following is taken from the abstract of the paper:
If God is morally perfect then He must perform the morally best actions, but creating humans is not the morally best action. If this line of reasoning can be maintained then the mere fact that humans exist contradicts the claim that God exists. This is the ‘anthropic argument’. The anthropic argument, is related to, but distinct from, the traditional argument from evil. The anthropic argument forces us to consider the ‘creation question’: why did God not create other gods rather than humans? That is, if God is omniscient, omnipotent, and morally perfect then why didn’t He create a world populated exclusively by beings that are perfect in the same way that He is—ontological equivalents— rather than choosing to create humans with finite natures and all the suffering that this entails?
To illustrate, Walker proposes an example wherein the world government implements an edict which states that all children being born outside of the capital city will be of a new species. “Chumans”, as he calls them are human-chimpanzee hybrids. They are both mentally and physically challenged in comparison to humans and they have a strong propensity to violent outbursts (and they wish they did not). Walker states that such an edict would be morally wrong for any number of reasons.
He parallels this with God’s decision to create human beings, who are at least as inferior to God as the Chumans would be to humans, if not more. As such, Walker suggests that God is morally culpable for creating human beings with defective natures (defective in comparison to God’s).
As such, if God is morally perfect then He must perform the morally best actions, but creating human beings is not the morally best action. It would indeed be better for God to create ‘ontological equivalents’, that is, other gods.
Moral Scale
Assume we can rank moral beings on a scale from 1-10 with 10 being reserved for morally perfect (God) natures and 0 for perfectly evil (Satan, for example) natures. Suppose further that human beings are ranked at 5, neither perfectly good nor perfectly evil.
The Argument
Let S represent the set of worlds comprised of being with morally better agents than humans, that is, S is a composite of all those worlds in which all moral agents score higher on the moral continuum than humans do in the actual world:
(1) God is omnipotent
(2) So, it is possible for God to actualize a member of S
(3) God is omniscient
(4) So, if it is possible for God to actualize a member of S, then God knows that He can actualize a member of S
(5) So, God knows that He can actualize a member of S
(6) God is morally perfect
(7) So, a morally perfect being should attempt to maximize the likelihood of moral goodness and minimize the likelihood of moral evil in the world
(8) If God knows He can actualize a member of S, then every world in which God exists is a member of S
(9) Therefore, every world in which God exists is a member of S
(10) Therefore, if God exists in the actual world then the actual world is a member of S
(11) The actual world is not a member of S
(12) Therefore, God does not exist
Free Will?
What about Plantinga’s free will defense, which states that in every possible world, God must permit some moral evil to maintain free will? Walker proposes that this problem is resolvable by proposing a possible world in God creates an ontologically equivalent being who is free to sin, but would never do so because of their moral nature (in the same way God would never sin).
Conclusion
What I have offered is nowhere near the in depth discussion that Walker offers in his own article, but it offers, at the very least, some familiarity with the argument.
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